v10

elements/neuron/appunti/2026-06-19-biological-reference-v10.md

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+# Tripartite Synapse — Biological Reference (companion to v10 pseudocode)
+
+> This document explains what each variable and behavior in `tripartite_synapse_v10_pseudocode.md`
+> conflates biologically. The pseudocode aggregates many molecular details into single
+> variables for clarity; here each aggregation is unpacked. Read the pseudocode for the
+> logic; read this when you need to know what a variable physically represents.
+
+---
+
+## The three synaptic components and their support structures
+
+A SYNAPSE is composed of three first-class components:
+- **PRE** — presynaptic bouton (the axon's terminal at this synapse)
+- **POST** — postsynaptic spine (the dendrite's terminal at this synapse)
+- **ASTRO** — astrosynapse, the perisynaptic astrocytic process (the astrocyte's terminal)
+
+Each has an upstream support structure that supplies it:
+- **AXON** supplies PRE (transmission + transport from soma)
+- **DEND** supplies POST (integration + transport from soma)
+- the **astrocyte cell body** supplies ASTRO (energy + ECM material)
+- **SOMA** is the integrating center and the root of neuronal material
+
+The compartment analogy: AXON:PRE = DEND:POST = astrocyte-body:ASTRO = supply line : terminal.
+
+---
+
+## Resource variables
+
+### DAY budget (one per component)
+Aggregates fast energy AND fast consumables — everything needed to run moment-to-moment.
+
+- **pre_budget** — ATP for VGCC gating, vesicle fusion (SNARE), VATPase vesicle refill,
+  plus fast consumables: vesicle membrane lipids, synaptotagmin recycling.
+- **post_budget** — ATP for the NaK pump (membrane reset after current), NMDA current
+  handling, plus fast actin monomers for transient spine changes and receptor-recycling lipids.
+- **dend_budget** — ATP for bAP propagation (NaK reset along branch), local translation
+  (ribosome running cost), SERCA Ca²⁺ resequestration, plus fast mRNA consumed by translation.
+- **soma_budget** — ATP for AP generation (Na⁺/K⁺ currents + NaK reset), CREB
+  phosphorylation, nuclear Ca²⁺ handling, plus shipping running costs.
+- **axon_budget** — ATP for AP propagation at nodes of Ranvier, kinesin/dynein motor
+  running cost, fast myelin maintenance.
+- **astro_central_budget** — ATP from glycolysis at the astrocyte cell body; funds EAAT
+  clearance, serine→D-serine synthesis, lactate export, fast process motility.
+
+### astro_lactate[i]
+Lactate exported from the astrocyte cell body to synapse i. Biologically: glucose →
+(glycolysis) → lactate, released into extracellular space, absorbed by neuronal MCT2
+transporters, converted to pyruvate → TCA → ATP in the neuron's mitochondria. The astrocyte
+is the primary fast-energy supplier to pre, post, and dend.
+
+### NIGHT energy (one per component) — NOT recoverable
+ATP for structural assembly. Distinct from DAY budget because it is spent on building, and
+the work of assembly is thermodynamically gone once done (cannot be recovered by disassembly).
+- pre_energy: RIM/Munc13 incorporation, VGCC clustering.
+- post_energy: CaMKII anchoring, actin polymerization, PSD scaffold remodeling.
+- dend_energy: mitochondria incorporation, cytoskeletal reinforcement.
+- soma_energy: ribosome biogenesis, ion-channel incorporation.
+- axon_energy: myelination, microtubule stabilization.
+- astro_energy: process retraction, ECM secretion, racemase upregulation.
+
+### NIGHT material (one per component) — RECOVERABLE
+Slow structural proteins. Recoverable because disassembly (LTD) returns the proteins to a
+reusable pool (ubiquitin-proteasome → amino acids; internalized receptors → endosomal reserve).
+- **soma_material** (root) — all neuronal structural proteins from CREB-driven synthesis:
+  AMPA subunits, PSD scaffold, AZ scaffold, mRNA transcripts (Arc, BDNF), organelles.
+- **dend_material** — from soma: Arc/plasticity mRNA, mitochondria, cytoskeletal proteins,
+  AMPA subunits in transit to spines.
+- **post_material** — from dend: AMPA receptor subunits (GluA1/2), PSD scaffold (PSD-95,
+  SHANK, Homer), structural actin, CaMKII.
+- **axon_material** — from soma: kinesin/dynein motors, microtubule components, myelin proteins.
+- **pre_material** — from axon: RIM, Munc13, VGCC subunits, structural vesicle proteins.
+- **astro_material** (root: astrocyte cell body) — EAAT proteins, serine racemase, ECM
+  proteins (Glypicans, Thrombospondins), process cytoskeleton.
+
+**Why energy and material are separate in NIGHT but combined in DAY:** during DAY both are
+fast consumables replenished on the same timescale, so one `budget` variable suffices. During
+NIGHT they diverge — material is recoverable after LTD, energy is not — so they must be two
+variables. This asymmetry (material returns to the pool, energy is gone) is what makes one
+synapse's depression genuinely fund another's potentiation.
+
+---
+
+## Structural variables (strength ceilings — written in NIGHT)
+
+Each aggregates several correlated structural properties into one capacity.
+
+- **pre_structure** — active zone capacity:
+  slot_ceiling (number of vesicle docking slots) + VGCC_coupling (Ca²⁺-channel proximity to
+  slots, sets release efficiency) + refill_ceiling (max RRP replenishment rate).
+- **post_structure** — spine sensitivity capacity:
+  slot_ceiling (number of PSD anchoring slots for AMPA) + spine_volume (local reserve and
+  actin machinery) + reserve_ceiling (endosomal AMPA pool size).
+- **dend_structure** — branch capacity:
+  bAP_fidelity(position) (mitochondrial density sets propagation strength, attenuates with
+  distance) + translation_ceiling (local mRNA capacity) + transport_speed (cytoskeletal integrity).
+- **soma_structure** — somatic output capacity:
+  baseline_threshold (inverse: ion-channel density at axon initial segment) + AP_reliability
+  (Na⁺ channel density) + synthesis_ceiling (ribosome density + CREB machinery).
+- **axon_structure** — axonal capacity:
+  propagation reliability (myelination density) + transport_ceiling (motor density + microtubule
+  integrity) + mitochondrial density.
+- **astro_structure** — astrosynaptic environmental capacity:
+  perisynaptic_distance⁻¹ (wall proximity — closer = more glutamate contained) + EAAT_density
+  (clearance ceiling) + Dserine_tonic (baseline co-agonist) + ECM_integrity.
+  **Self-reinforcing both directions:** tighter wrap + more tonic D-serine make future
+  potentiation easier; looser wrap + zero tonic D-serine make future depression easier.
+
+---
+
+## Budget ceilings (endurance ceilings — written in NIGHT)
+
+- **{component}_budget_ceiling** — the maximum fuel the component can hold / the maximum
+  duration of sustained behavior. Biologically: mitochondrial density and local fuel-storage
+  capacity. Built by activity-driven mitochondrial biogenesis; lost by mitophagy when idle.
+  Parallel to structure: structure is strength capacity, budget_ceiling is endurance capacity.
+
+---
+
+## Trace variables
+
+### fast_trace (one per component) — DAY only, decays automatically
+The local record of recent activity that biases the next behavior.
+- **pre_fast_trace** — residual presynaptic Ca²⁺ after spikes (τ≈100ms). Biases NT release
+  (facilitation) and provides tagging eligibility.
+- **post_fast_trace** — spine Ca²⁺ amplitude × rise-speed (τ≈tens ms). Encodes the LTP-vs-LTD
+  instruction (fast rise → CaMKII → potentiation; slow rise → phosphatase → depression).
+- **dend_fast_trace** — branch Ca²⁺ from bAP + spine spillover (τ≈300ms). Integrates branch co-activity.
+- **soma_fast_trace** — nuclear Ca²⁺ from each AP (τ≈seconds). Drives toward CREB activation.
+- **axon_fast_trace** — propagation load (τ≈seconds). High load → Na⁺ inactivation at branch
+  points → propagation failure (this is axonal short-term depression).
+- **astro_fast_trace** — perisynaptic Ca²⁺ from mGluR5 activation by glutamate spillover
+  (τ≈seconds). Drives D-serine release.
+
+### soma timing traces (emergent refractory + adaptation + alignment)
+- **soma_Na_inactivation** (τ≈ms) — sodium-channel inactivation after an AP. Its recovery IS
+  the refractory period (emergent, not a hardcoded timer). High → absolute refractory; decaying
+  → relative refractory; recovered → normal.
+- **soma_adaptation** (τ≈100s of ms) — slow K⁺ channel (SK/M-type) activation accumulating
+  over a spike train, raising threshold. This is spike-frequency adaptation.
+- **soma_refractory_alignment** — deposited when a suprathreshold input arrives during
+  refractoriness (a missed coincidence). Speeds future recovery so the soma aligns to its input
+  rhythm. Bottom-up: no rhythm is represented; alignment emerges from accumulated local
+  mismatches and decays when mismatches stop (self-limiting).
+
+### possible_tag (one per component) — intermediate, τ≈s–min
+Graded accumulation of tagging eligibility. For POST, this is the CANDIDATE tag lifetime.
+
+### endurance_need (one per component) — intermediate, τ≈s–min
+Deposited when budget depletion interrupts a behavior that was on a LOCALLY successful
+trajectory. Records that fuel — not structure, not significance — was the binding constraint
+on a forming success. Requires NO dopamine (homeostatic, not associative).
+**Local success proxy per component** (each uses only its own state + arrived signals):
+- PRE: own fast_trace high (was releasing strongly), optionally amplified by retrograde
+  messenger (endocannabinoid / NO / BDNF) that has arrived.
+- POST: own Ca²⁺ climbing toward tagging threshold (naturally local).
+- DEND: own branch strongly active (high branch voltage/Ca²⁺) when propagation fell short.
+- SOMA: own nuclear Ca²⁺ climbing toward CREB.
+- AXON: own propagation load high (was carrying a strong train).
+- ASTRO: own local glutamate/Ca²⁺ high (was under heavy clearance/D-serine demand).
+
+### tag (one per component) — DAY→NIGHT bridge, τ≈hours
+The validated record of significance that survives to NIGHT and gates strength commits.
+Formed by coincidence of local eligibility + non-local validation (dopamine).
+**POST is special — two-phase, three coincidences:**
+- CANDIDATE: local Ca²⁺ above threshold + astrosynapse D-serine present (coincidence 1).
+- amplified when bAP confirms soma fired (coincidence 2).
+- STABLE: CANDIDATE + dopamine within stabilization window (coincidence 3).
+Biologically: early CaMKII creates a labile tag (early-LTP); PKA driven by dopamine via D1R
+stabilizes it (late-LTP). Without dopamine, the candidate degrades — early-LTP reverses.
+
+---
+
+## Behaviors — biological meaning
+
+### PRE | AP — neurotransmitter release
+`NT_flux = RRP × sat(pre_fast_trace, K_release)` models continuous NT release proportional to
+the readily-releasable pool and a saturating Ca²⁺ drive (synaptotagmin's cooperative Ca²⁺
+sensitivity, simplified to a saturating curve). RRP depletes as released (short-term depression
+as a consequence) and refills via VATPase (energy-throttled, so low budget deepens depression).
+The mGluR2/3 brake is presynaptic autoinhibition by spillover (Gi → reduced VGCC opening).
+
+### POST | NOT_bAP — three calcium sources, two plasticity cases
+- **Source 1 (AMPA):** glutamate opens AMPA → depolarizing current + small Ca²⁺; the
+  depolarization begins ejecting the NMDA Mg²⁺ block.
+- **Source 2 (NMDA):** if depolarized enough (Mg²⁺ ejected) AND D-serine present (astrocyte
+  co-agonist) AND glutamate bound → large Ca²⁺ influx. This is the coincidence detector.
+- **Source 3 (bAP, separate context):** back-propagating AP adds depolarization + Ca²⁺,
+  amplifying an existing signal supralinearly.
+- **Case 1 (STP):** high Ca²⁺ drives AMPA receptors from the local reserve to the surface,
+  bounded by the anchoring-slot ceiling. Fast, reversible, NO dopamine. When Ca²⁺ falls,
+  receptors drift back — short-term depression as a passive consequence, never signaled.
+- **Case 2 (LTP tag):** high Ca²⁺ + (later) dopamine sets the tag that NIGHT uses to raise the
+  slot ceiling. NIGHT builds slots; DAY fills them.
+
+### DEND | bAP — bidirectional signaling
+Propagates the bAP from soma toward spines (fidelity attenuates with distance — distal spines
+get weaker confirmation, are harder to potentiate) and integrates spine signals toward the soma.
+
+### SOMA | AP — integration, firing, emergent timing
+Fires when integrated branch input exceeds a threshold that is the baseline (from structure)
+raised by adaptation and modulated by neuromodulators, gated by the emergent refractory state.
+Each AP deposits three traces (inactivation → refractory, adaptation → threshold rise, nuclear
+Ca²⁺ → plasticity). The soma is the coincidence detector at the cellular scale (nuclear Ca²⁺ +
+dopamine → CREB), and the production bottleneck: its tag gates how much material all downstream
+components get in NIGHT.
+
+### AXON | AP — reliable propagation with frequency-dependent failure
+Propagation reliability is set by myelination and degraded by high-frequency load (Na⁺
+inactivation at branch points = axonal STD). The axon also transports material to boutons and
+sets the timescale of presynaptic structural commits.
+
+### ASTRO | CONTINUOUS — gatekeeper and energy hub
+Clears glutamate (EAAT), supplies D-serine (the NMDA co-agonist that gates postsynaptic LTP),
+and distributes lactate to the territory by demand-weighting (active synapses generating more
+clearance load pull more fuel; slow synapses get less). The same spillover that excites the
+astrocyte (mGluR5 → Ca²⁺ → D-serine) also brakes the presynapse (mGluR2/3 → Gi) — one signal,
+opposite effects via different receptors. The astrocyte is the energy root and the gain control
+of the whole synapse.
+
+---
+
+## NIGHT operations — biological meaning
+
+- **Step 1 (replenish/distribute):** overnight protein synthesis peaks (CREB-driven, gated by
+  soma_tag — corresponds to slow-wave-sleep replay). Soma material flows to branches/axon then
+  spines/boutons; astrocyte material flows to astrosynapses, tag-weighted.
+- **Step 2 (strength commits):** tagged components build structure — more slots, tighter
+  coupling, tighter astrosynaptic wrap. Coherence bonus when pre+post+astro all tagged (the
+  whole synapse agrees). astro_structure self-reinforces.
+- **Step 2b (endurance commits):** components with high endurance_need build budget_ceiling —
+  mitochondrial biogenesis. Competes with step 2 for the same material/energy.
+- **Step 3 (passive decay):** both ceilings decay; maintenance from the remaining pool resists
+  decay only where sufficient. Depotentiation and endurance-loss are both by neglect — no
+  signal weakens anything; unmaintained capacity simply drifts down. Recovered material (not
+  energy) returns to pools.
+- **Step 4 (homeostatic scaling):** if the soma fired too much overall, all synapses scale down
+  proportionally (sleep-associated global downscaling), preserving relative differences.
+- **Step 5 (clear traces):** fast traces, possible tags, endurance needs, and soma timing traces
+  reset; tags below expiry clear, above-expiry tags carry forward (multi-night consolidation);
+  structure and budget_ceiling persist.
+
+### Shockwave lockdown
+Emergency global astrocytic Ca²⁺ wave → GABA + ATP release → mass AMPA internalization and
+hyperpolarization. Bypasses budget gates. A circuit breaker against runaway excitation.

elements/neuron/appunti/2026-06-19-tripartite-synapse_v10.md

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+# Tripartite Synapse — Pseudocode v10
+
+> Companion document: `tripartite_synapse_v10_biology.md` explains the biological
+> meaning of every variable and behavior. This document is the logic only.
+
+---
+
+## Conventions
+
+```
+SCOPE   = { DAY, NIGHT }
+CONTEXT = { AP, NOT_AP, bAP, NOT_bAP, CONTINUOUS }
+COMPONENTS = { PRE, POST, DEND, SOMA, AXON, ASTRO }
+
+DAY variables
+  budget          fast resource (energy + consumables), consumed by behavior
+  fast_trace      local record, decays in ms–s, biases next behavior
+  possible_tag    accumulates from fast_trace, decays in s–min
+  endurance_need  accumulates on interrupted local success, decays in s–min
+
+DAY→NIGHT bridge
+  tag             decays in hours; POST: CANDIDATE → STABLE
+
+NIGHT variables
+  energy          assembly ATP, NOT recoverable
+  material        structural proteins, RECOVERABLE after decay
+  structure       strength ceiling   — READ in DAY, WRITTEN in NIGHT
+  budget_ceiling  endurance ceiling  — READ in DAY, WRITTEN in NIGHT
+
+LOCALITY RULE
+  every evaluation uses only local state + signals that have arrived.
+  no component reads another compartment's internal state.
+```
+
+---
+
+## Saturating form (used wherever a graded signal drives output)
+
+```
+sat(x, K) = x / (K + x)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Fixed parameters
+
+```
+K_release  K_AMPA  K_Dserine
+Mg_eject   Ca_STP   Ca_TAG
+elig       dop_thr  tag_thr  tag_expiry
+traj_thr   endur_thr
+spillover  inactivation  overload
+homeostatic_ceiling  decay_rate  capacity_decay_rate  recycle
+
+dopamine  NE  ACh                      // organism broadcast (external)
+glucose                                // vascular ceiling (external)
+geometry                               // dendritic topology (external)
+```
+
+---
+---
+# DAY
+
+Execution contexts (AP, bAP, CONTINUOUS): run behavior, spend budget, deposit traces.
+Replenishment contexts (NOT_AP, NOT_bAP): competitive refill, ship downstream, decay traces, set tags.
+
+---
+
+## Shared competitive replenishment (used by all NOT contexts)
+
+```
+refill(component c from supply S):
+    demand        = c.budget_ceiling - c.budget          // claim = gap to ceiling
+    total         = Σ demand over components on S
+    factor        = min(1, S / (total + ε))
+    c.budget     += demand × factor                      // never exceeds ceiling
+    S            -= demand × factor
+```
+
+---
+
+## PRE
+
+```
+DAY | AP:
+    if pre_budget < release_cost:
+        suppress(NT_flux)
+        if pre_fast_trace > traj_thr:                    // LOCAL success: I released strongly
+            pre_endurance_need += pre_fast_trace × (1 + retrograde_local)
+        exit
+    pre_fast_trace += spike_Ca(input_freq);  pre_fast_trace *= decay(100ms)
+    drive = sat(pre_fast_trace, K_release)
+    if RRP > 0:
+        NT_flux   = RRP × drive
+        glutamate += NT_flux·Δt;  RRP -= NT_flux·Δt;  pre_budget -= NT_flux·fusion_cost
+    RRP += min(refill_rate, pre_structure.refill_ceiling)·Δt
+    RRP  = clamp(RRP, 0, pre_structure.slot_ceiling)
+    pre_budget -= RRP_refill·vatpase_cost
+    if glutamate > spillover: drive *= brake
+
+DAY | NOT_AP:
+    pre_fast_trace *= decay(100ms);  pre_endurance_need *= decay(min)
+    refill(pre from astro_lactate[syn] + axon_ship_pre)
+    RRP += min(refill_rate, pre_structure.refill_ceiling)·Δt
+    RRP  = clamp(RRP, 0, pre_structure.slot_ceiling)
+    if pre_fast_trace > elig: pre_possible_tag += pre_fast_trace
+    pre_possible_tag *= decay(s);  dopamine *= decay(ms)
+    if dopamine > dop_thr and pre_possible_tag > tag_thr:
+        pre_tag += dopamine × pre_possible_tag
+    pre_tag *= decay(hr)
+```
+
+---
+
+## POST
+
+```
+DAY | NOT_bAP:
+    refill(post from astro_lactate[syn] + dend_ship_post)
+
+    // SOURCE 1 — AMPA: current + small Ca + begins Mg ejection
+    a = sat(glutamate, K_AMPA)
+    AMPA_current = a × AMPA_surface;  Vm += AMPA_current
+    post_fast_trace += AMPA_Ca·AMPA_current;  post_budget -= AMPA_cost
+
+    // SOURCE 2 — NMDA: large Ca if local coincidence
+    if Vm > Mg_eject and astro_Dserine > thr and glutamate > 0:
+        post_fast_trace += NMDA_Ca(glutamate)·rise_speed();  post_budget -= NMDA_cost
+
+    post_fast_trace *= decay(ms)
+
+    // CASE 1 — short-term potentiation: fill slots (no dopamine)
+    if post_fast_trace > Ca_STP:
+        AMPA_surface = min(AMPA_surface + Ca_insert(post_fast_trace),
+                           post_structure.slot_ceiling)
+        post_budget -= traffic_cost
+    else:
+        AMPA_surface = max(AMPA_surface - drift·Δt, baseline)     // STD = consequence
+
+    // interrupted success (LOCAL: my Ca was climbing toward a tag)
+    if post_budget < req_cost and post_fast_trace > traj_thr and post_fast_trace_rising:
+        post_endurance_need += post_fast_trace
+
+    // CASE 2 — tagging CANDIDATE
+    if post_fast_trace > Ca_TAG: post_possible_tag += post_fast_trace
+    post_possible_tag *= decay(min);  post_endurance_need *= decay(min)
+    post_budget -= pka_cost
+    dopamine *= decay(ms)
+    if dopamine > dop_thr and post_possible_tag > tag_thr:
+        post_tag += dopamine × post_possible_tag                  // STABLE
+    post_tag *= decay(hr)
+
+DAY | bAP:
+    // SOURCE 3 — bAP: depolarization + Ca, amplifies existing signal
+    Vm += bAP_depol × dend_structure.bAP_fidelity;  post_budget -= bAP_cost
+    if post_possible_tag > Ca_TAG: post_fast_trace += bAP_Ca_boost()
+```
+
+---
+
+## DEND
+
+```
+DAY | bAP:
+    bAP_local, reached = propagate(SOMA.fired, dend_structure.bAP_fidelity,
+                                   dend_budget, geometry)
+    dend_budget -= prop_cost × reached
+    // interrupted success (LOCAL: my branch was strongly active)
+    if reached < full and dend_fast_trace > traj_thr:
+        dend_endurance_need += dend_fast_trace
+    dend_fast_trace += bAP_Ca(bAP_local) + spine_spillover();  dend_fast_trace *= decay(300ms)
+    dend_budget -= branch_Ca_cost
+    branch_Vm = integrate(POST.Vm, spines);  dend_budget -= integrate_cost
+
+DAY | NOT_bAP:
+    dend_fast_trace *= decay(300ms);  dend_endurance_need *= decay(min)
+    refill(dend from astro_lactate[branch] + soma_ship_dend)
+    ship(dend_budget → post_budget, gap_to(post))
+    if dend_fast_trace > elig: dend_possible_tag += dend_fast_trace
+    dend_possible_tag *= decay(s);  dopamine *= decay(ms)
+    if dopamine > dop_thr and dend_possible_tag > tag_thr:
+        dend_tag += dopamine × dend_possible_tag
+    dend_tag *= decay(hr)
+    if dend_tag > tag_expiry and dend_budget > translate_cost:
+        dend_budget -= translate_cost
+    commit_threshold *= 1/(1 + ACh·gain)
+```
+
+---
+
+## SOMA
+
+```
+DAY | AP:
+    threshold = soma_structure.baseline / (1)            // baseline strength
+              × (1 + soma_adaptation)
+              × neuromod(NE, ACh)
+    can_fire  = soma_Na_inactivation < inactivation
+    if branch_Vm > threshold and can_fire:
+        if soma_budget < ap_cost:
+            // interrupted success (LOCAL: nuclear Ca climbing toward CREB)
+            if soma_fast_trace > traj_thr and soma_fast_trace_rising:
+                soma_endurance_need += soma_fast_trace
+            exit
+        fired = True;  soma_budget -= ap_cost
+        soma_Na_inactivation += ap_amp                   // → refractory (emergent)
+        soma_adaptation      += ap_contrib               // → threshold rise
+        soma_fast_trace      += nuclear_Ca()             // → plasticity
+        soma_budget -= nuclear_cost
+        if soma_fast_trace > elig: soma_possible_tag += soma_fast_trace
+        soma_possible_tag *= decay(s);  dopamine *= decay(ms)
+        if dopamine > dop_thr and soma_possible_tag > tag_thr:
+            soma_tag += dopamine × soma_possible_tag
+        soma_tag *= decay(hr);  soma_budget -= creb_cost
+
+DAY | NOT_AP:
+    // bottom-up alignment: suprathreshold input during refractory (LOCAL)
+    if branch_Vm > threshold and soma_Na_inactivation > inactivation:
+        soma_refractory_alignment += (branch_Vm - threshold) × soma_Na_inactivation
+    recovery = base_recovery × (1 + soma_refractory_alignment)
+    soma_Na_inactivation      *= decay(τ_Na / recovery)
+    soma_adaptation           *= decay(τ_adapt)
+    soma_fast_trace           *= decay(τ_nuclear)
+    soma_refractory_alignment *= decay(τ_align)          // self-limiting
+    soma_endurance_need       *= decay(min)
+    soma_budget += mito_output·Δt                        // self-replenish (root)
+    branch_Vm = integrate(DEND.branch_Vm, branches)
+    ship(soma_budget → dend_budget, gap_to(dend))
+    ship(soma_budget → axon_budget, gap_to(axon))
+```
+
+---
+
+## AXON
+
+```
+DAY | AP:
+    reliability = axon_structure.propagation × (1 - fail(axon_fast_trace))
+    if axon_budget < prop_cost:
+        reliability *= budget_factor
+        // interrupted success (LOCAL: I was propagating a strong train)
+        if axon_fast_trace > traj_thr:
+            axon_endurance_need += axon_fast_trace
+    delivered = fired × reliability;  axon_budget -= prop_cost × delivered
+    axon_fast_trace += delivered;  axon_fast_trace *= decay(s)
+
+DAY | NOT_AP:
+    axon_fast_trace *= decay(s);  axon_endurance_need *= decay(min)
+    refill(axon from soma_ship_axon + astro_lactate[shaft])
+    ship(axon_budget → pre_budget, gap_to(pre))
+    if axon_fast_trace > elig: axon_possible_tag += axon_fast_trace
+    axon_possible_tag *= decay(s);  dopamine *= decay(ms)
+    if dopamine > dop_thr and axon_possible_tag > tag_thr:
+        axon_tag += dopamine × axon_possible_tag
+    axon_tag *= decay(hr)
+```
+
+---
+
+## ASTRO
+
+```
+DAY | CONTINUOUS:
+    astro_central_budget += glycolysis(glucose)·Δt       // root, capped by glucose
+
+    // demand-weighted lactate allocation across territory
+    for each astrosynapse i:
+        demand[i] = clearance_load[i] × astro_structure[i].delivery_eff
+    factor = min(1, astro_central_budget / (Σ demand · lactate_cost + ε))
+    for each i:
+        astro_lactate[i] = demand[i] × factor
+        astro_central_budget -= astro_lactate[i] × lactate_cost
+
+    // per-astrosynapse fast operation (synapse i)
+    glutamate[i] -= astro_structure[i].EAAT × glutamate[i]·Δt
+    astro_central_budget -= clearance × EAAT_cost
+    astro_Dserine[i] += astro_structure[i].Dserine_tonic·Δt
+
+    if glutamate[i] > spillover:
+        astro_fast_trace[i] += mGluR_Ca();  astro_fast_trace[i] *= decay(s)
+        want = sat(astro_fast_trace[i], K_Dserine) × Ds_max
+        got  = min(want, astro_central_budget × Ds_frac)
+        // interrupted success (LOCAL: I was under high demand)
+        if got < want and astro_fast_trace[i] > traj_thr:
+            astro_endurance_need[i] += (want - got)
+        astro_Dserine[i] += got;  astro_central_budget -= got × Ds_cost
+        drive_pre[i] *= brake                            // same signal, PRE brake
+        if astro_fast_trace[i] > elig: astro_possible_tag[i] += astro_fast_trace[i]
+        astro_possible_tag[i] *= decay(s);  dopamine *= decay(ms)
+        if dopamine > dop_thr and astro_possible_tag[i] > tag_thr:
+            astro_tag[i] += dopamine × astro_possible_tag[i]
+        astro_tag[i] *= decay(hr)
+    astro_endurance_need[i] *= decay(min)
+    if astro_fast_trace[i] > overload: trigger(lockdown)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Special — Shockwave Lockdown
+
+```
+DAY or NIGHT | OVERLOAD:
+    Vm = HYPERPOLARIZED;  AMPA_surface = mass_internalize() → post reserve
+    axon_fast_trace += overdrive();  astro_central_budget -= emergency_cost
+```
+
+---
+---
+# NIGHT
+
+Build ceilings (structure = strength, budget_ceiling = endurance) from DAY evidence.
+Two economies (energy: astrocyte→astrosynapse ; material: soma→spine/bouton) compete.
+Unmaintained ceilings decay; recovered material funds the rest.
+
+---
+
+## Step 1 — Replenish and distribute
+
+```
+NIGHT | 1:
+    // energy economy (astrocyte central → astrosynapses, tag-weighted)
+    astro_central_budget   += overnight_glycolysis(glucose)·Δt
+    astro_central_energy   += overnight_astro_energy()·Δt
+    astro_central_material += astro_cellbody_synth()·Δt
+    W = Σ astro_tag[i] over astro_tag[i] > tag_expiry
+    for each i with astro_tag[i] > tag_expiry:
+        w = astro_tag[i]/W
+        astro_energy[i]   += astro_central_energy   × w
+        astro_material[i] += astro_central_material × w
+
+    // material economy (soma → branch/axon → spine/bouton)
+    soma_budget   += overnight_mito()·Δt
+    soma_energy   += overnight_soma_energy()·Δt
+    soma_material += CREB_synth(soma_tag)·Δt                  // bottleneck
+
+    dend_material += soma_material × f_dend;  axon_material += soma_material × f_axon
+    soma_material -= (f_dend + f_axon)·soma_material
+    post_material += dend_material × f_spine;  dend_material -= f_spine·dend_material
+    pre_material  += axon_material × f_bouton; axon_material -= f_bouton·axon_material
+
+    {pre,post,dend,axon}_energy += soma_energy × f_energy[·]
+    {pre,post,dend,axon}_budget += astro_lactate_reserve × f[·]·Δt
+```
+
+## Step 2 — Strength commits (raise structure)
+
+```
+NIGHT | 2:
+    coherence = (pre_tag, post_tag, astro_tag all > tag_expiry) ? bonus : 1
+
+    for each component c with c_tag > tag_expiry:
+        Δ = min(slot_cost, c_material, c_energy × f)
+        c_structure += Δ × (coherence if c in {pre,post,astro} else 1)
+        c_material  -= Δ;  c_energy -= Δ × assembly_cost
+        if Δ < slot_cost: queue(c_strength_deficit → next NIGHT)
+    // astro_structure self-reinforcing: higher → future LTP easier
+```
+
+## Step 2b — Endurance commits (raise budget_ceiling)
+
+```
+NIGHT | 2b:
+    // driven by endurance_need (interrupted local success), NO dopamine
+    // competes with step 2 for the SAME material + energy
+    for each component c with c_endurance_need > endur_thr:
+        Δ = min(cap_cost, c_material × f_cap, c_energy × f_cap)
+        c_budget_ceiling += Δ
+        c_material -= Δ;  c_energy -= Δ × biogenesis_cost
+        if Δ < cap_cost: queue(c_endurance_deficit → next NIGHT)
+```
+
+## Step 3 — Passive decay (both ceilings, by neglect)
+
+```
+NIGHT | 3:
+    remaining = total_material - consumed_by_commits
+    maint     = remaining × maint_frac / synapse_count
+
+    for each synapse:
+        {pre,post,dend,astro}_structure -= decay_rate·Δt
+        {pre,post,dend,astro}_budget_ceiling -= capacity_decay_rate·Δt
+        if maint ≥ maint_cost:
+            structure += full_maint;  budget_ceiling += full_cap_maint
+        else:
+            structure += maint × frac;  budget_ceiling += maint × cap_frac
+            // both drift down — depotentiation / endurance-loss by neglect
+
+    for each synapse with net_change < 0:
+        rec = |net_change| × recycle
+        {pre,post,astro}_material += rec × frac           // material recovered, energy not
+```
+
+## Step 4 — Homeostatic scaling
+
+```
+NIGHT | 4:
+    if soma_tag > homeostatic_ceiling:
+        s = homeostatic_ceiling / soma_tag
+        for each synapse:
+            post_structure.slot_ceiling *= s;  pre_structure.slot_ceiling *= s
+        soma_material += Σ reduction × recycle
+```
+
+## Step 5 — Clear traces
+
+```
+NIGHT | 5:
+    all fast_trace = 0;  all possible_tag = 0;  all endurance_need = 0
+    soma_Na_inactivation = soma_adaptation = soma_refractory_alignment = 0
+    for each tag: if tag < tag_expiry: tag = 0           // else carry forward
+    // structure and budget_ceiling PERSIST
+```
+
+---
+
+## One-view summary
+
+```
+DAY    behavior runs within structure (strength) and budget_ceiling (endurance),
+       both filled by competition; consumes budget; deposits fast_trace.
+       fast_trace + non-local coincidence            → tag            (strength evidence)
+       depletion + interrupted LOCAL success         → endurance_need (endurance evidence)
+       traces decay in NOT/CONTINUOUS contexts.
+
+NIGHT  tag            → raise structure
+       endurance_need → raise budget_ceiling
+       both draw the SAME material + energy → strength and endurance compete
+       unmaintained ceilings decay → freed material funds the rest.
+
+LOCALITY  every evaluation uses only local state + arrived signals.
+          cross-compartment influence travels only as signals that become local.
+```