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@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ This is where your ATP loop and Ca2+ loop intersect. If the firing frequency is
2. Timescale: This operates on the scale of hundreds of milliseconds to seconds, effectively mapping the decay curve of your calcium clearance pumps.
4. Modulation by the "State" of the Channel
In the minutes and beyond category, the accumulation of $Ca^{2+}$ changes the structural landscape of the VGCCs through two medium-term signals:
1. A. The "Clogged" Channel Signal (Minutes)If $Ca^{2+}$ accumulation is high enough to keep CDI active for a prolonged period (as in your "self-imposed silence" scenario), the channel spends too much time in the inactivated state.
1. A. The "Clogged" Channel Signal (Minutes)
If $Ca^{2+}$ accumulation is high enough to keep CDI active for a prolonged period (as in your "self-imposed silence" scenario), the channel spends too much time in the inactivated state.
1. Ubiquitination: Inactivated channels are more susceptible to being tagged by E3 ubiquitin ligases (like Nedd4-1).
2. Elimination: Once tagged, they are endocytosed (removed from the membrane). This is a medium-term "down-scaling" to prevent excitotoxicity.
2. B. The Calcineurin Pathway (Minutes to Hours)