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@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ L'espansione puo' essere vista come gerarchica, ad esempio, da ORG a Organi, a m
### Floor ### Floor
L'espansione G. si ferma, per nostra scelta, sui floor. Nei floor abbiamo Tub/blocchi non concettuali, tipo Ca2+ o NT. Possiamo sempre pensare di abbassare i floor, senza dover stravolgere l'espressione G, come invece saremmo costratti a fare con una riduzione tradizionale. L'espansione G. si ferma, per nostra scelta, sui floor. Nei floor abbiamo Tub/blocchi non concettuali, tipo Ca2+ o NT. Possiamo sempre pensare di abbassare i floor, senza dover stravolgere l'espressione G, come invece saremmo costratti a fare con una riduzione tradizionale.
## Comprensione Organism ## Comprensione Organism
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ L'espansione parte da ORG.md:
- Organ1, Organ2, etc - Organ1, Organ2, etc
- EXH-ORG, INH-ORG - EXH-ORG, INH-ORG
- WTA, WTA1,etc - WTA, WTA1,etc
-- EXH, INH -- EXH, INH
- AST - AST
- N - N
-- AXO: PRE: VGCC -- AXO: PRE: VGCC
-- SOMA: VGCC -- SOMA: VGCC
-- BD: POST: AMPA. NMDA, VGCC -- BD: POST: AMPA. NMDA, VGCC
### Tuning e Developing ### Tuning e Developing
@@ -91,11 +91,13 @@ Durante la fase di development iniziale, nel quale l'organismo inizia a creare l
Si tratta di 4 ragionamenti locali: Si tratta di 4 ragionamenti locali:
1) POST: Nel DEV-N si ragiona sulla possibilita' di un AXO di gestire i bottoni, da possibili ad attuali e viceversa. Lo si fa modulando la fullness di BEH-POST 1. POST: Nel DEV-N si ragiona sulla possibilita' di un AXO di gestire i bottoni, da possibili ad attuali e viceversa. Lo si fa modulando la fullness di BEH-POST
2) PRE: Nel DEV-N si ragiona sulla possibilita' di un BD di gestire i bottoni, da possibili ad attuali e viceversa. Lo si fa modulando la fullness di BEH-PRE 2. PRE: Nel DEV-N si ragiona sulla possibilita' di un BD di gestire i bottoni, da possibili ad attuali e viceversa. Lo si fa modulando la fullness di BEH-PRE
3) SYN: Nel DEV-AST si ragiona sulla possibilita' di un AST di creare nuove SYN possibili e viceversa. Lo si fa modulando la fullness di BEH-SYN 3. SYN: Nel DEV-AST si ragiona sulla possibilita' di un AST di creare nuove SYN possibili e viceversa. Lo si fa modulando la fullness di BEH-SYN
4) WTA: Nel BEH-WTA si ragiona sulla possibilita' di mettere assieme un BEH-PRE con BEH-POST con BEH-SYN, per permettere di condividere gli NT scambiati. 4. WTA: Nel BEH-WTA si ragiona sulla possibilita' di mettere assieme un BEH-PRE con BEH-POST con BEH-SYN, per permettere di condividere gli NT scambiati.
#### Fra moduli e organi #### Fra moduli e organi
Come sopra, ma il punto 4 viene gestito da una compensione che non e' piu' il WTA (organo), ma una comprensione "superiore" che gestisce l'espansione degli organi. Tipo ORG.md. Come sopra, ma il punto 4 viene gestito da una compensione che non e' piu' il WTA (organo), ma una comprensione "superiore" che gestisce l'espansione degli organi. Tipo ORG.md.
### Presynapse
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## The Biological "Cascade of Failure"
This model now demonstrates **Metabolic Silencing**, which is a highly consistent biological behavior:
1. High firing rate → **Vesicle Depletion** (Fast).
2. High firing rate → **ATP Depletion** (Slow).
3. Low ATP → **Pump Failure** (JPMCA slows down).
4. Pump Failure → **Residual Calcium** stays high.
5. Residual Calcium → **CDI stays active** (The VGCCs lock shut).
6. **Result:** The synapse stops firing to save itself from excitotoxicity.
**CASCADE 1 — Vesicle Depletion** appears at `Max_RRP`, `Max_RP`, `p_release_base`, `k_rec_fast/slow`, `stochastic_release`, `map_trace_to_speed`, and the recruitment block in Loop 1. The key annotation explains the asymmetry: `p_release_base * Ca_micro` makes each spike draw *more* vesicles as Ca_micro rises early in a burst — a positive feedback that accelerates the collapse before recruitment can respond.
**CASCADE 2 — ATP Depletion** is anchored at `Glucose_level` (the root input) and at `compute_astrocyte_metabolic_health` in Loop 3, where it explains that `ATP_level` is the bridge variable that carries minute-scale metabolic state into the millisecond Ca²⁺ world.
**CASCADE 3 — Pump Failure** is annotated at `k_PMCA`, `k_NCX`, `k_SERCA`, `ATP_half`, and `compute_pump_atp_factor`. The NCX comment explicitly notes its role as a floor-not-rescue — it keeps clearing during failure and enables the auto-reset, but cannot prevent accumulation alone.
**CASCADE 4 — Residual Ca²⁺** appears at `B_total`, `tau_buffer_rebind`, the `capture_fraction` block, and the buffer recharge lines. The buffer saturation note explains the two-phase dynamic: buffer is protective early but becomes invisible once `B_free → 0`.
**CASCADE 5 — CDI Lock-out** is annotated at `k_CDI_rise`, `Ca_micro_saturation`, `k_CDI_rec`, and both the rise and recovery lines in Loop 1. The recovery comment spells out the self-locking logic explicitly as a chain.
**CASCADE 6 — Silence** sits at `effective_conductance` with a timing note showing that mGluR fires first, eCB second, and CDI last but irreversibly. The eCB and mGluR annotations in Loop 2 explain their roles as early partial brakes versus the terminal lock.
## 5. Model Summary Checklist
- \[x\] **Timing:** Spans 0.1 ms (AP) to 300,000 ms (Metabolism).
- \[x\] **Conservation:** Vesicles and Neurotransmitters are conserved through the Gln→RP→RRP→Cleft→Astro loop.
- \[x\] **Stability:** CDI and mGluR/eCB provide three layers of negative feedback to prevent runaway excitation.
- \[x\] **Resource Constraints:** ATP and Pool guards prevent physically impossible negative values or infinite accumulation.
---
This pseudocode serves as a comprehensive blueprint for a biologically consistent tripartite synapse. It is structured into three nested temporal loops to handle the transition from microseconds to minutes.
---
### **Variable Reference Table**
| Variable | Definition | Scale | Role |
|---------------|------------------------------------|--------|-----------------------------|
| **Ca_micro** | Free calcium in the active zone | 0.1 ms | Triggers release and CDI |
| **B_free** | Available buffer sites (Calbindin) | 0.1 ms | Immediate calcium "sponge" |
| **N_RRP** | Readily Releasable Pool | 1 ms | Immediate vesicle supply |
| **N_RP** | Reserve Pool | 100 ms | Long-term vesicle warehouse |
| **Tr_Ca** | Calcium Trace | 10 ms | Memory of recent activity |
| **CDI_fac** | Inactivation Factor | 50 ms | Internal negative feedback |
| **mGluR_pre** | Autoreceptor activation | 500 ms | Cleft-sensing inhibition |
| **ATP_level** | Metabolic energy state | 1 min | Gates calcium clearance |
### **The Multi-Scale Engine**
```python
# --- SIMULATION CONFIGURATION ---
# dt = 0.1 ms (Fine-grained step)
# Total_Time = 300,000 ms (5 minutes)
while t < Total_Time:
# ============================================================
# 1. FINE-GRAINED NEURAL LOOP (Every 0.1ms)
# Handles: Electrical spikes, Buffering, and Influx
# ============================================================
# --- ACTION POTENTIAL & WAVEFORM ---
if is_AP_active(t):
# Layered Inhibition logic:
# CDI (Internal), eCB (Retrograde/Post), mGluR (Autoreceptor/Cleft)
total_inhibition = (1 - CDI_fac) * (1 - eCB_level) * (1 - mGluR_pre * alpha_mGluR)
# Calculate Influx via VGCC
# V_pre_pulse(t) accounts for the finite duration of the spike window
raw_influx = N_VGCC * total_inhibition * V_pre_pulse(t)
# --- FAST BUFFERING BEHAVIOR ---
# Immediate capture of influx by buffer proteins (e.g., Calbindin)
captured = raw_influx * (B_free / B_total)
B_free = max(0, B_free - captured)
Ca_bound += captured
# Resulting free Calcium that actually reaches the sensors
Ca_micro += (raw_influx - captured)
# --- STOCHASTIC RELEASE ---
if N_RRP > 0:
# Release probability is a function of Ca_micro
p_release = compute_stochastic_p(Ca_micro, N_RRP)
if random_uniform(0, 1) < p_release:
N_RRP -= 1 # Deplete one vesicle
Glu_cleft += 1 # Release NT into cleft
CDI_fac += k_CDI_rise # Increment inactivation per release
# --- CONTINUOUS CALCIUM CLEARANCE ---
# NCX (Sodium-Calcium Exchanger) - Fast, gradient driven
# PMCA (Plasma Membrane Ca-ATPase) - Slow, ATP dependent
atp_efficiency = ATP_level**2 / (ATP_level**2 + 0.3**2)
cleared = (k_NCX * Ca_micro) + (k_PMCA * Ca_micro * atp_efficiency)
Ca_micro = max(0.0, Ca_micro - cleared)
# --- RECOVERY MECHANISMS ---
# CDI Recovery: Decay of inactivation as Ca_micro falls
CDI_fac = max(0.0, CDI_fac - (dt / tau_CDI_rec))
# Buffer Recovery: Re-release of bound ions into microdomain
re_release = Ca_bound * (dt / tau_buf_release)
Ca_bound -= re_release
Ca_micro += re_release
B_free = B_total - Ca_bound
# ============================================================
# 2. MID-GRAINED INTEGRATION (Every 10ms - 100ms)
# Handles: Recruitment Traces and Autoreceptor Feedback
# ============================================================
if t % 10 == 0:
# TRACE INTEGRATOR: The memory of recent spikes
Tr_Ca = update_leaky_integrator(Tr_Ca, Ca_micro, tau_trace)
# RECRUITMENT LOGIC (RP -> RRP)
# Recruitment speed (k_rec) scales non-linearly with Tr_Ca
k_rec = compute_k_rec(Tr_Ca)
# Apply HARD CAPS and GUARDS:
# 1. Cannot take more than what is in RP
# 2. Cannot exceed the ceiling of RRP
refill_qty = k_rec * N_RP * (Max_RRP - N_RRP)
refill_qty = max(0, min(refill_qty, N_RP))
N_RRP += refill_qty
N_RP -= refill_qty
# AUTORECEPTOR FEEDBACK: Presynapse sensing its own NT
mGluR_pre += (Glu_cleft / (Glu_cleft + Km) - mGluR_pre) * (10 / tau_mGluR)
# ============================================================
# 3. COARSE-GRAINED METABOLIC LOOP (Every 1s - 1min)
# Handles: Astrocyte support, eCB Brake, and Sustainability
# ============================================================
if t % 1000 == 0:
# ASTROCYTE GLUTAMATE CLEARANCE
# Astrocytes clean the cleft; NT is recycled into the Glutamine pool
cleared_glu = Glu_cleft * EAAT_clearance_rate
Glu_cleft -= cleared_glu
Gln_pool += cleared_glu
# RETROGRADE BRAKE (eCB from Postsynapse)
# Postsynapse synthesizes eCB based on its own V_post activity
eCB_level = update_retrograde_brake(V_post_history)
# METABOLIC REPLENISHMENT
# Astrocyte health determines ATP; Glutamine refills the Reserve Pool
ATP_level = compute_atp_from_astro_health(Gln_pool, Metabolic_State)
# Long-term Refill of the Reserve Pool (The Warehouse)
N_RP = min(N_RP + (Gln_pool * metabolic_shuttle_rate), Max_RP)
Gln_pool *= 0.9 # Account for metabolic overhead/loss
t += dt # Increment simulation time
```
---
### 3. Biological Consistency Summary
1. **Metabolic Coupling:** The `atp_efficiency` variable creates a physical link between the 5-minute astrocyte clock and the 0.1ms calcium clock. If the astrocyte is exhausted, the pumps fail, and the `CDI_fac` locks the synapse into **silence**.
2. **Double-Lock Inhibition:** You have two distinct brakes. The `mGluR_pre` is "homosynaptic" (local self-check), while the `eCB_level` is "heterosynaptic" (feedback from the receiver). This prevents runaway excitation and excitotoxicity.
3. **Conservation of Mass:** Neurotransmitters follow a closed loop: `Gln_pool` -> `N_RP` -> `N_RRP` -> `Glu_cleft` -> `Astrocyte` -> `Gln_pool`.
4. **Buffer Buffer:** The `B_free` mechanism prevents numerical instability during high-frequency bursts by absorbing excess calcium influx instantly.
---
The missing presynaptic behaviors are:
1. **Ca²⁺ clearance** (PMCA, NCX pumps) — without this, Ca²⁺ accumulates indefinitely
2. **Calcium buffer proteins** (calbindin, calmodulin) — fast buffering before pumps clear
3. **VGCC inactivation recovery** — CDI is mentioned but the recovery (de-inactivation) is missing
4. **RRP hard cap** — the refill logic can overshoot without a ceiling
5. **Reserve Pool (RP) depletion guard** — refill can go negative
6. **Presynaptic autoreceptors** (mGluR/CB1R feedback closing the loop from NT in cleft → presynaptic suppression) — separate from eCB which comes from postsynapse
7. **Spike refractory / AP waveform duration** — the effective window for Ca²⁺ entry is finite
Let me build an annotated code diagram and then write the enhanced model.Here is a full analysis of every missing loop, followed by the updated code for each section.
![image.png](.attachments.1175009/image.png)
---
## Missing behaviors and the reasoning behind each
**Why Ca²⁺ clearance is the most critical gap.** `Ca_micro` currently has no exit route — it only grows. Without PMCA pumps, NCX exchangers, and SERCA (ER uptake), every spike leaves residual Ca²⁺ that accumulates across the simulation and eventually locks the synapse in a permanently over-activated (or CDI-locked) state. The clearance mechanisms also run at different speeds: NCX is fast (tens of ms), PMCA is slower but higher-capacity, SERCA is slowest and stores calcium for later use as an internal buffer.
**Why Ca²⁺ buffer proteins must precede clearance.** Calbindin and calmodulin bind free Ca²⁺ within microseconds and act as a fast, temporary "sponge". They blunt the initial `Ca_micro` peak, protecting against excess CDI. They also slowly release Ca²⁺ back into the cytosol, which feeds the trace integrator more smoothly. Without buffers, the microdomain pulse is unrealistically sharp.
**Why CDI recovery closes a loop without itself.** The model already writes `CDI_factor` but never resets it. A VGCC that inactivated on spike N stays inactivated on spike N+1. CDI recovery is simply a decay back toward zero, with a time constant of \~100 ms, driven by Ca²⁺ falling (i.e., it depends on clearance — another reason clearance comes first).
**Why mGluR autoreceptors are needed.** The eCB pathway is a *retrograde* signal synthesized by the *postsynapse*. But the presynapse also has its own direct cleft-sensing system: presynaptic mGluR2/3 receptors bind glutamate in the cleft and suppress VGCC conductance and cAMP. This is a homosynaptic feedback loop that is entirely local to the presynapse and missing from the current model.
**Why pool guards matter.** The `refill_amount` calculation can produce `N_RP < 0` if `current_recruitment_rate * N_RP > N_RP`. The `N_RRP` overshoot is subtler but also real: if two slow-loop updates stack before the fast loop consumes RRP, you can exceed `Max_RRP`.
---
## Updated code, section by section
### Loop 1A — Ca²⁺ dynamics (replaces the current `Ca_micro +=` block)
```python
# --- PRESYNAPTIC Ca2+ DYNAMICS ---
if V_pre == 1: # AP arrives
effective_conductance = N_VGCC * (1 - eCB_level) * (1 - CDI_factor)
raw_influx = compute_flux(effective_conductance, V_pre_voltage)
# ADDED: Buffer proteins capture a fraction of influx immediately.
# Buffering capacity (B_free) depletes on capture, recovers slowly.
# VARIABLE: B_free free buffer sites (calbindin/calmodulin)
# TIMING: rebinds saturated buffer in ~200 ms
captured = raw_influx * (B_free / B_total) # fraction caught
B_free = max(0, B_free - captured) # buffer saturates
Ca_micro += (raw_influx - captured) # only free Ca2+ counts
# --- ADDED: Ca2+ CLEARANCE (runs every ms, not just on spike) ---
# Three parallel mechanisms, each with its own rate constant:
# k_PMCA ~0.03 /ms (plasma membrane Ca-ATPase, ATP-dependent)
# k_NCX ~0.10 /ms (sodium-calcium exchanger, voltage-sensitive, fast)
# k_SERCA ~0.01 /ms (ER pump, slowest, fills internal Ca2+ store)
# ADDED: ATP gates pump speed — shared with metabolic loop below
pump_scale = compute_pump_atp_factor(ATP_level) # 0→1
cleared_PMCA = k_PMCA * Ca_micro * pump_scale
cleared_NCX = k_NCX * Ca_micro # NCX is not ATP-dependent
cleared_SERCA = k_SERCA * Ca_micro * pump_scale
Ca_micro -= (cleared_PMCA + cleared_NCX + cleared_SERCA)
Ca_micro = max(0.0, Ca_micro) # hard floor
# ADDED: SERCA fills an internal ER store (Ca_ER).
# This store can be released later (e.g. mGluR activation triggers IP3→ER release).
# For now it is simply a sink; ER-release can be wired later.
Ca_ER += cleared_SERCA
# ADDED: Buffer recharge — captured Ca2+ slowly re-releases back to cytosol,
# and free buffer sites recover as Ca2+ is extruded.
# TIMING: tau_buffer_rebind ~200 ms
Ca_micro += Ca_buffer_bound * dt / tau_buffer_rebind
Ca_buffer_bound *= (1 - dt / tau_buffer_rebind)
B_free = B_total - Ca_buffer_bound # bookkeeping
```
### Loop 1B — CDI recovery (adds a reset that was missing)
```python
# --- CDI INACTIVATION + RECOVERY ---
# EXISTING: CDI_factor rises with Ca_micro on each spike.
CDI_factor += map_calcium_to_inactivation(Ca_micro)
# ADDED: CDI_factor decays back to zero as Ca2+ is cleared.
# VARIABLE: tau_CDI_recovery ~100 ms
# LOGIC: Recovery tracks Ca_micro level — low Ca2+ → fast de-inactivation.
CDI_recovery_rate = k_CDI_rec * (1 - Ca_micro / Ca_micro_saturation)
CDI_factor = max(0.0, CDI_factor - CDI_recovery_rate * dt)
```
### Loop 1C — Pool arithmetic with guards
```python
# --- RRP RELEASE (with hard cap) ---
if N_RRP > 0:
released_NT = stochastic_release(N_RRP, Ca_micro)
N_RRP = max(0, N_RRP - released_NT)
add_NT_to_cleft(released_NT)
# --- RP → RRP RECRUITMENT (with floor and ceiling guards) ---
current_recruitment_rate = map_trace_to_speed(Tr_Ca)
refill_amount = current_recruitment_rate * N_RP * (Max_RRP - N_RRP)
refill_amount = max(0.0, refill_amount) # ADDED: never negative
refill_amount = min(refill_amount, N_RP) # ADDED: can't take more than RP holds
N_RRP = min(N_RRP + refill_amount, Max_RRP) # ADDED: hard ceiling
N_RP = max(0.0, N_RP - refill_amount) # ADDED: hard floor
```
### Loop 2 — mGluR autoreceptor (new, 1 s loop)
```python
# --- ADDED: HOMOSYNAPTIC AUTORECEPTOR FEEDBACK ---
# VARIABLE: mGluR_activation presynaptic mGluR2/3 occupancy (0→1)
# TIMING: rises in ~500 ms when NT_cleft is high, decays in ~2 s
# LOGIC: Directly reduces VGCC conductance AND suppresses cAMP
# (cAMP pathway gates RRP docking speed — can be added later).
# This loop is distinct from eCB: it is local, homosynaptic, and faster.
mGluR_activation += (NT_cleft / (NT_cleft + Km_mGluR) - mGluR_activation) * (dt_slow / tau_mGluR)
# The suppression factor enters the high-freq loop at Line 1A:
# effective_conductance = N_VGCC * (1 - eCB_level) * (1 - CDI_factor) * (1 - mGluR_activation * alpha_mGluR)
#
# alpha_mGluR: max fractional suppression (~0.4 for mGluR2/3 at physiological concentrations)
```
### Loop 3 — ATP dependency on pumps (links metabolic health to Ca²⁺ clearance)
```python
# --- ADDED: ATP GATES CA2+ PUMP SPEED ---
# VARIABLE: ATP_level normalized 0→1 (computed from astrocyte metabolic health)
# LOGIC: PMCA and SERCA are ATP-dependent.
# When ATP_level drops, Ca2+ clearance slows → Ca_micro stays elevated →
# CDI rises → effective VGCC conductance collapses → synapse silences.
# This is the realistic metabolic-silence cascade.
def compute_pump_atp_factor(ATP_level):
# Hill function: half-maximal at ATP_half = 0.3
return ATP_level**2 / (ATP_level**2 + ATP_half**2)
# The slowest metabolic loop already writes ATP_level via compute_astrocyte_metabolic_health().
# No further wiring needed — pump_scale above picks it up automatically.
```
---
## The closed loop, stated plainly
Every Ca²⁺ that enters now has exactly one exit: PMCA, NCX, or SERCA. Buffers slow the peak. CDI rises with Ca²⁺ and falls as Ca²⁺ falls — it can no longer lock permanently. The cleft-sensing mGluR autoreceptor gives the presynapse its own, faster brake independent of the postsynapse. Pool arithmetic is bounded on both ends. And ATP depletion now cascades naturally: less ATP → slower pumps → higher residual Ca²⁺ → more CDI → fewer effective VGCCs → silence — which is precisely the metabolic-fatigue endpoint the deep loop was trying to express but couldn't reach without the pump link.
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ A differenza di BD che espande PRE implicitamente e trattando PRE tutti allo ste
- dichiara AST-x gli astrociti - dichiara AST-x gli astrociti
- collega un NEU-x con un altro NEU-y e con un AST-x - collega un NEU-x con un altro NEU-y e con un AST-x
- specifica che tipologia: excitation o inhibition - specifica che tipologia: excitation o inhibition
- se inhibition il TRG e'SOMA, se exhitation il TRG e' BDx - se inhibition il target e'SOMA, se exhitation il target e' BDx
- specifica il BEH-EXH, ad esempio, che e' il comportamento di ciascuna riga espansiva. E serve a gestire l'accoppiamento atttuale fra NEU-x, NEU-y e AST-x. - specifica il BEH-EXH, ad esempio, che e' il comportamento di ciascuna riga espansiva. E serve a gestire l'accoppiamento atttuale fra NEU-x, NEU-y e AST-x.
- specifica INC-x, OUT-x, @ che sono dei placeholders per neuroni e astrorcita che verranno specificati da un'espansione piu' in alto, tipo BEH-ORG. - specifica INC-x, OUT-x, @ che sono dei placeholders per neuroni e astrorcita che verranno specificati da un'espansione piu' in alto, tipo BEH-ORG.
- posso pensare di produrre il circuito in ambiente visuale tipo DrawIO, e avere un parser che me lo trasforma in questa sintassi. - posso pensare di produrre il circuito in ambiente visuale tipo DrawIO, e avere un parser che me lo trasforma in questa sintassi.
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ A differenza di BD che espande PRE implicitamente e trattando PRE tutti allo ste
container: BEH-WTA container: BEH-WTA
include: include:
BEH-EXT.md BEH-EXH.md
BEH-INH.md BEH-INH.md
internal_container: internal_container:
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ container: BEH-WTA
OUT-002: BEH-OUT from ORG.md OUT-002: BEH-OUT from ORG.md
expansion: expansion:
# stiamo espandendo: BEH-EXT e BEH-INH. Ciascuna riga e' un'espansione specifica e actual. La lista "-" serve perche' il primo termine potrebbe essere ripetuto, (eg. stesso NEU.BEH-AXO verso diverse NEU.BEH-DB(x)) # stiamo espandendo: BEH-EXH e BEH-INH. Ciascuna riga e' un'espansione specifica e actual. La lista "-" serve perche' il primo termine di espansione viene ripetuto.
# INTERNAL-AREA-001 # INTERNAL-AREA-001
- BEH-EXH: NEU-001.BEH-AXO -> NEU-003.BEH-BD(1) ~AST-001 - BEH-EXH: NEU-001.BEH-AXO -> NEU-003.BEH-BD(1) ~AST-001